Abstract
A number of metagenomic analyses providing knowledge of the human microbiome have yielded data on the differences between healthy and diseased individuals. Microbiota manipulation, such as through the administration of probiotics, may potentially contribute to improved health outcomes. The objective of this review was to summarize the most recent data on the use of probiotics to treat or prevent diseases in pediatrics. MEDLINE and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched in September 2012 for randomized controlled trials or their meta-analyses published in the last 3 years. To provide examples of current research interests, the focus of the search was on well-studied, common pediatric conditions as well as on some chronic diseases for which the benefits of gut microbiota manipulation are only in the early stages.
